Toward Decline
Why Did China Test a Submarine-launched Ballistic Missile?
Why it matters
China's first-ever SLBM test into international waters and second ballistic-missile test into international waters since 1980 signals advancement in PLA sea-based nuclear deterrent, directly relevant to Australian maritime defence posture and Indo-Pacific balance. The notification protocol—minimal advance warning despite PLA claims of coordination—underscores China's unilateral military assertiveness and challenges to established norms, affecting Australia's alliance confidence and strategic stability assumptions in the region.
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